The session, held as part of the Global Labour Market Conference in Riyadh, examines how social protection systems can be strengthened and better coordinated with occupational safety and health (OSH) measures to protect workers from the growing risks of extreme heat, particularly in GCC countries. The concept note highlights the preventive and compensatory roles of work injury compensation, partial unemployment benefits, sickness benefits, and social health protection, while drawing on international experiences and good practices. It also identifies policy gaps, reform opportunities, and the need for deeper technical dialogue to enhance the responsiveness of social protection systems—especially for migrant workers—in the face of escalating climate-related risks